sábado, junho 21, 2008
Conferência Internacional - Portugal/UE e os EUA
Portugal /União Europeia e os EUA – Novas Perspectivas Económicas num Contexto de Globalização
23 a 27 de Junho
Auditório da Faculdade de Direito de Lisboa
PROGRAMA
Código de IVA - Dec. n.º 102/2008, de 20/06
Este acervo legislativo teve as mais variadas proveniências, o que originou, desde logo, que a redacção dos preceitos fosse perdendo identidade, fruto das evoluções linguísticas.
Acresce que ao longo dos tempos se foram introduzindo alterações a nível orgânico, quer da estrutura do governo quer da própria administração tributária, bem como novas práticas e procedimentos administrativos, nem sempre devidamente reflectidos no corpo da lei.
Embora em menor escala, também o regime do IVA nas transacções comunitárias tem sofrido ajustamentos, o que requer igual atenção no que concerne à revisão e adaptação dos respectivos preceitos.(...)
The Belgian Notional Interest Deduction
The notional interest deduction entitles Belgian companies and establishments to annually calculate a fictitious interest expense on their aggregate equity amount, thus reducing their taxable basis. Combined with the abolishment of the 0.5% capital tax, this tax feature will not only encourage Belgian taxpayers to strengthen their working capital, it will also reinforce the attractiveness of Belgium as a location for treasury and finance centres, capital-intensive companies (such as the Belgian Coordination Centres, whose specific tax regime will shortly expire) and headquarters. (...)
terça-feira, junho 17, 2008
Controlled Foreign Companies and Foreign Profits
‘‘There are two sorts of wealth-getting, as I have said. . .. The most hated sort, and with the greatest reason, is usury, which makes a gain out of money itself, and not from the natural object of it. For money was intended to be used in exchange, but not to increase at interest. And this term interest, which means the birth of money from money, is applied to the breeding of money because the offspring resembles the parent. Wherefore of the modes of getting wealth this is the most unnatural.’’
Canada: Two changes to the treatment of foreign exchange gains and losses
On March 7 2008, the minister of finance also announced proposed amendments to the Income Tax Act that would extend the treatment of accrued capital gains and losses on assets of a corporation upon an acquisition of control to accrued capital gains and losses on foreign currency debt obligations due to foreign currency fluctuations. As proposed, the new rules will apply only to debt and not to other liabilities such as swaps or other derivatives.
It appears that the proposed amendments will result in:
the required realisation of any inherent foreign exchange losses on debt on an acquisition of control, the ability to elect to realise accrued foreign exchange gains on debt on an acquisition of control, and the ability to utilise such losses to step up the basis of capital property and shelter realised foreign exchange gains on debt.
As proposed, the new rules apply to acquisitions of control after March 7 2008 subject to limited grandfathering rules and corporations can elect to have the proposed rules apply to acquisitions of control after 2005.
Conferência - APF - Caso Hollmann
“O CASO HOLLMANN NO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DAS COMUNIDADES EUROPEIAS: HISTÓRIA DE UM REENVIO PREJUDICIAL PORTUGUÊS”
DATA: 26 de Junho de 2008
HORA: 18 Horas
LOCAL: Salão Nobre da Associação Comercial de Lisboa – Rua das Portas de Santo Antão, nº 89
quinta-feira, junho 12, 2008
Tax Avoidance Schemes Regulations 2008
Our Public Notices are also available in large print, Braille or audio cassette, please contact our National Advice Service for further details.
Summary of Responses: Tax Avoidance Schemes Regulations 2008 (Acrobat PDF, 460KB)
Summer Course - Principles of International and Comparative Taxation
The basic concepts and principles of international tax law from a truly international perspective. The IBFD Summer Course examines the main issues of international tax law. Topics covered are Tax Treaties, Permanent Establishments, European VAT, EC Tax Law, Transfer Pricing and Business Structures and Planning.
18 - 29 August 2008 Introductory
Location: Amsterdam Further information
Promoting Genuine Fiscal Competition should be EU aim
The purpose of the common consolidated corporate tax base is that a company operating in several countries could choose to agree on one taxable profit total for the whole group. Tax revenues would then be charged and distributed among the countries where it operated, on the basis of a formula that took into account where the economic activity occurred and the domestic tax rate in each country.
This approach has some merits. A multinational which opted into the scheme would reduce its compliance burden, since it would be following just one set of tax rules. The regime would also allow losses in one part of a group to be offset against gains elsewhere.
More importantly, it could encourage genuine tax competition. If a company relocates its operations to a lower-tax economy, the government which has provided that environment should benefit. This is a different matter from allowing countries to divert tax revenues from profits generated in other countries. By declaring the profits of groups as a whole, the common tax base would prevent companies declaring their profits in low-tax jurisdictions even if they were earned elsewhere.
There are two main problems with the proposals. First, a voluntary scheme is not a very effective weapon to deal with the practice of exporting profits to low-tax jurisdictions. Yet compulsion would prevent countries from being able to compete as they should on the size and shape of the tax base.
Second, reaching agreement on a tax code and the basis of splitting revenues between countries would be very difficult and time-consuming, since the interests of EU countries differ so widely. Efforts to achieve accord might well be at the expense of more realistic fiscal improvements.
The goal for European fiscal policymakers should be a regime that enhances genuine competition among economies. It should allow countries to use tax as a basis for promoting themselves as places to do business. It should also aim to deter distortion of that competition by making it harder for multinational companies to seek their own advantage by breaking the link between where their activities generate profit and where those profits are taxed. Any moves France can make in that direction during its presidency will be welcome.
segunda-feira, junho 09, 2008
Public comments on draft contents of the 2008 Update to the Model Tax Convention
09-Jun-2008
On 21 April 2008, the OECD Committee on Fiscal Affairs published the draft contents of the 2008 Update to the Model Tax Convention. The OECD has now published the comments received on that draft.
Ética, Imposto e Crime - Germano Marques da Silva
Em memória do Professor António Luciano de Sousa Franco, a Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Católica acaba de aprovar a criação de uma disciplina curricular (Direito Penal Tributário) em ordem ao desenvolvimento da investigação nesta área, concretizando um antigo projecto daquele que foi seu Director e um dos seus mais distintos professores.(...)
Advocate General considers Hungarian company law restricting the transfer of operational headquarter to another Member State incompatible with EC law
Cartesio is a limited partnership constituted in accordance with Hungarian law and registered in Hungary. In November 2005, Cartesio asked the commercial court to record in the commercial register the transfer of its operational headquarters from Hungary to Italy, but wished to remain subject to Hungarian company law. The commercial court refused to conform to this request on the basis that such transfer was not allowed under Hungarian law. It stated that, in order to change its operational headquarters, Cartesio would first have to be dissolved in Hungary and then reconstituted under Italian law. Cartesio lodged appeal against the decision of the commercial court before the Court of Appeal of Szeged, which in turn, asked the ECJ whether the Hungarian legislation at issue was compatible with the freedom of establishment, in addition to several questions concerning Article 234 EC.(...)
domingo, junho 08, 2008
How to Cut your Tax Bill
Usually, the steps you need to take are straightforward merely involve claiming what you are entitled to.
Income Tax
Everyone is entitled to a personal allowance - the amount you can earn before tax is due - from the day they are born. In the 2007/2008 tax year, this stands at £5,225.
Many people who have a partner, are married, or have children generally fail to optimise their use of personal allowances or lower tax rates.
If you have a partner or are married, it makes sense from a tax point of view to ensure that the individual who pays tax at the lower rate (22%), or does not work at all, holds the savings in their name.(...)
sábado, junho 07, 2008
Norway: Statements from the Norwegian tax authorities regarding foreign investments funds
Germany:Preliminary Draft of Tax Reform Plans for 2009 Published
Lei n.º 25/2008, D.R. n.º 108, Série I de 2008-06-05
quarta-feira, junho 04, 2008
Guia Fiscal 2008 - KPMG
KPMG's Tax Guide was developed by KPMG in Potugal and provides an overview of the major Portuguese taxes in force for the 2008 tax year.
2008 budget law includes measures affecting payments to nonresident entities
Dividends Paid to EU Companies
In response to the European Commission’s challenge to Portugal’s domestic rules, the 2008 Budget Law changes the tax regime applicable to dividends paid by a Portuguese resident company to a shareholder resident in another EU Member State.
The adopted measure aims to grant the same tax treatment to dividends paid by Portuguese subsidiaries to their Portuguese and EU parent companies. Thus, dividends paid to qualifying companies resident in an EU Member State are now exempt if:
The EU parent company holds at least 10% of the share capital (previously 15%) of the Portuguese subsidiary or the acquisition value of the shareholding is at least Euro 20 million; and the shareholding has been held for an uninterrupted period of one year (previously two years).
The new regime also covers profits distributed to a permanent establishment of an EU parent company situated in another EU Member State.
In light of the amendment, EU companies that meet the above criteria and that have been subject to withholding tax on dividend income arising from their Portuguese affiliates should consider the possibility of requesting a refund of the Portuguese tax unduly borne under the previous dividend taxation regime.
Income from Swap Transactions
Income arising from currency swaps, interest rate swaps and currency forwards will now be, for all purposes, treated as interest. This amendment may change the taxation of such income when obtained by entities resident in tax treaty partner countries.
Depending on the definition of interest in a tax treaty, in many instances, such income will be treated as interest subject to a withholding tax rather than being exempt under the business profits or other income articles of a treaty. Nonresident financial institutions deriving income from swap transactions or currency forwards in Portugal should examine their position as to whether the changes result in an additional withholding tax burden.
Proof of Eligibility for Relief under Treaties and EU Directives
The deadline for presenting proof that the requirements for application of tax treaty benefits or the EC Interest and Royalties Directive have been satisfied has been extended until the time withholding tax must be remitted to the state, i.e. the 20th of the month following the month in which the withholding is due. Previously, such proof had to be available before the tax liability arose. Proof that the EC Parent-Subsidiary Directive applies must be provided before the dividends are made available to the beneficiary.
The Portuguese taxpayer liable to withhold tax will be relieved of the joint obligation to pay tax if the proof to benefit from an exemption or a reduction of tax is presented after the above deadlines, via an official form duly certified by the tax authorities of the beneficiary’s country of residence. The Portuguese withholding agent, however, still will be subject to an administrative penalty. The 2008 Budget Law provides for a penalty ranging from Euro 250 to Euro 2,500 for failure to withhold tax if the formal requirements to benefit from an exemption or a reduction of withholding tax are satisfied but the proof of eligibility is not made available by the prescribed deadlines.
The final version of the 2008 Budget Law contains a significant modification not included in the draft budget. Proof of fiscal residence may be presented in situations before the law’s 1 January 2008 effective date even if the tax has been withheld unless the tax was paid and such payment is not subject to objection or appeal to administrative bodies or courts.
The 2008 Budget Law also confirms that, if the beneficiary of income is a central bank or government agency domiciled in a country that has signed a tax treaty with Portugal, the periodic resubmission of the forms necessary to apply the treaty no longer is mandatory. However, a central bank or an agency still must inform the Portuguese entity paying the income of any changes with respect to its compliance with conditions for the application of the exemption or reduction of tax under the treaty.
Finally, the number of Portuguese official forms to be certified by the nonresident’s tax authorities has been reduced from 12 (separate forms for various types of income) to four.
(...)
Contribuintes ganham poderes contra o Fisco
terça-feira, junho 03, 2008
Luxembourg - Capital Duty on its way out!
The tax measures for companies include:
• The abolition of the 0,5% capital duty as from 2009
This is probably the most expected tax measure. It follows the reduction of the capital duty from 1% to 0,5% in 2008. The complete abolition of the capital duty in Luxembourg had been announced by the Government at the time of the reduction to 0,5% but had become uncertain following Council Directive 2008/7/EC of February 12 2008 as the Directive does no longer oblige EU Member States to abolish capital duty within a certain timeframe.
• Decrease in corporate tax rates
A decrease of the global income taxation of companies (Corporate Income Tax and Municipal Business Tax) from 29,63% to 25,5%. This will however occur in 2 steps and will probably, where appropriate and possible, says Juncker, be accompanied by some measures that will aim at enlarging the taxable basis of companies.
Regarding the taxation of individuals, the main measures are as follows:
• Tax brackets adapted to inflation
It is the intention to further adapt the tax brackets to inflation. The tax brackets will be increased by 6%, which implies a reduction of the overall tax burden.
• Limits of deduction will be increased
Several tax deductions will be increased, including tax deductions for insurance costs
• New tax bonus for wage earners
The tax deduction available to wage earners of 600 Euro (compensatory abatement for wage earners) will be replaced by a 300 Euro tax bonus. This is a special benefit to those paying no or little income tax and therefore could not in the past benefit from tax reductions.(...)
Belgium: Belgian participation exemption incompatible with parent subsidiary directive
According to Belgian legislation, dividends received in a given year which qualify for participation exemption are first included in the company's taxable basis of that year. In a subsequent step, 95 % of their amount is deductible. This means that no deduction is made when this company has no or insufficient taxable profits in that year, because it has suffered losses in this or in previous years. Such (forwarded) losses are offset against the dividends. The dividends are therefore de facto taxed.
In the present case, the ECJ will have to examine whether this regime is compatible with article 4, par. 1 of the parent subsidiary directive. According to that provision, the residence state of a dividend-receiving parent company or permanent establishment shall either refrain from taxing the dividends or subject them to taxation while providing a credit for the foreign underlying corporate income tax.
The AG considers that the Belgian regime is not compliant with the directive as none of the methods provided by article 4, par. 1 have been correctly implemented. On the one hand, the Belgian regime does not entail a systematic exemption. Dividends are only exempt if other taxable profits are available. The exemption is therefore subject to a condition which is not provided by the directive. On the other hand, the Belgian regime is not an imputation regime either. The Belgian government's argument that the regime would at least lead to the same result as an imputation regime is not convincing to the AG.
The AG also considers as not relevant the other arguments submitted by the Belgian government, based on the fact that dividends from Belgian and from EU sources are treated in the same way, and on the fact that the OECD model treaty does not include precise rules on how to exercise the exemption method.
Furthermore, according to the AG, in case the ECJ considers the Belgian regime incompatible with the directive, the ruling should not be subject to a temporal limitation as requested by the Belgian government.(...)
Tax Newsletter - Vieira de Almeida
domingo, junho 01, 2008
Despacho 14592/2008 de 27 de Maio - Série II – nº 101
Considerando que o Decreto-Lei n.º 29/2008, de 25 de Fevereiro, que estabelece deveres de comunicação, informação e esclarecimento à administração tributária para prevenir e combater o planeamento fiscal abusivo, procede à introdução no sistema tributário nacional de um regime particularmente inovador, sem antecedentes na legislação fiscal portuguesa;
sexta-feira, maio 30, 2008
Regime Público de Capitalização - Revista Aspectos
Foi sob o signo da incerteza, quanto à futura protecção conferida pelo quadro de protecção social, que surgiu o novo regime público de capitalização, aprovado pelo Decreto–Lei n.º 26/2008 (publicado em Diário da República, do dia 22 de Fevereiro de 2008).
Este regime, que entrou em vigor no dia 1 de Março de 2008, mas retroagiu os seus efeitos a 1 de Janeiro de 2008, visa criar um mecanismo de fomento à poupança, com um sistema de gestão pública e enquadrado no âmbito mais lato da reforma do sistema público da segurança social, conforme esta foi definida pela resolução do Conselho de Ministros n.º 141/2006, de 25 de Outubro.
Para se compreender este novo regime, deve-se atentar no efeito negativo que o factor de sustentabilidade teve no cálculo quantitativo do valor das pensões. Dessa forma e com vista à minimização desse efeito foi relevada a importância do reforço dos mecanismos de poupança complementar.
Será deste modo que a resolução supra-referida estipulou a criação de “um regime de contribuição definida e de capitalização real, financiado pelas contribuições voluntárias dos beneficiários da segurança social que serão capitalizadas em contas individuais num fundo a criar, gerido pelo Instituto de Gestão de Fundos de Capitalização da Segurança Social”.
Este mecanismo destina-se a pessoas singulares, que em razão do exercício de uma actividade profissional, se encontram abrangidas por um regime de protecção social de inscrição obrigatória. O seu maior objectivo é permitir a constituição de um complemento de pensão ou de poupança. Este complemento advirá da possibilidade de efectuar um desconto adicional, para um Fundo Público, em função da remuneração, com o objectivo de melhorar o valor da pensão.
A adesão será individual e voluntária e as contribuições de cada aderente serão depositadas na sua conta, convertendo-se em unidades de participação designadas por certificados de reforma, integrando-se num fundo autónomo gerido pelo Instituto de Gestão de Fundos de Capitalização da Segurança Social, I.P. Este fundo apresenta-se como tendo um perfil de risco prudente, idêntico ao FEFSS (Fundo de Estabilização Financeira da Segurança Social) e com custos de gestão previsivelmente baixos.
A adesão poderá ser feita através dos canais da Internet, telefone ou nos postos de atendimento da segurança social, devendo a obrigação contributiva ser cumprida através de transferência bancária. A adesão implica ainda a obrigatoriedade de permanência até ao momento da renovação, não podendo o período de permanência ter duração inferior a um ano. Somente no ano da própria adesão é que o período de permanência poderá ser inferior a um ano.
Para além disso, o pagamento das contribuições, é feita através de entregas mensais, estáveis por um período mínimo de 12 meses. A taxa contributiva poderá ser de 2% ou 4% e para aderentes com 50 ou mais anos de idade, poderá ser de 6% e acresce aos 11% obrigatórios. O pagamento das contribuições deverá ocorrer até o dia 8 de cada mês, reportando-se ao mês em que foi pago.
Anualmente, no mês de Janeiro, o aderente é informado do extracto da sua conta individual, do valor da base de incidência contributiva e do valor da contribuição mensal a vigorar nos 12 meses seguintes.
O saldo da conta individual, através da qual a contribuição será mensalmente creditada, será intransmissível por negócio inter-vivos e impenhorável, distinguindo-se aqui dos planos-poupança reforma de índole privada.
A renovação será anual, havendo contudo sempre a possibilidade de suspender os pagamentos ou de alterar a taxa de contribuição. A suspensão sucederá, entre outras causas, quando haja vontade manifestada nesse sentido, incumprimento da obrigação contributiva por período de três meses consecutivos, perda de emprego, invalidez, doença por um período superior a 30 dias. Não obstante, caso tenha havido suspensão, poderá ser solicitado a qualquer momento o reiniciar do cumprimento da obrigação contributiva, aplicando-se o regime previsto para a adesão.
As dotações ficam a capitalizar até à idade da reforma do investidor, e rendem benefícios fiscais análogos aos definidos para o sector privado, nomeadamente serão dedutíveis à colecta do IRS, 20% dos valores aplicados, tendo como limite máximo € 350 por sujeito passivo.
É possível ainda cumular os dois sistemas (público e privado) e usufruir dos respectivos benefícios fiscais em simultâneo. Porém, não se admitem transferências de poupanças de outros PPR’s, nem dotações extraordinárias, para não entrar em concorrência directa com produtos já existentes no mercado (apesar de algumas queixas já tornadas públicas por parte de concorrentes neste mercado).
Por outro lado, às importâncias pagas no âmbito do regime público de capitalização é aplicável o regime previsto no Código do IRS para as rendas vitalícias, o que permite que estes valores sejam tributados de forma mais favorável que as pensões.
A utilização do capital acumulado poderá ser feita no momento da reforma ou aposentação por velhice ou nos casos de invalidez absoluta e permanente. Quanto à forma, pode o aderente optar pela atribuição do complemento sob a forma vitalícia, pelo resgate do capital acumulado ou pela transferência do capital acumulado para um plano de complemento de filhos e de cônjuge.
Sendo a opção pelo resgate, poderá fazê-lo de forma parcial, sendo que o capital remanescente terá de ser suficiente para permitir a sua conversão numa renda vitalícia que possa ser considerada como complemento de pensão.
Nas situações por morte do aderente antes de adquirido o direito ao complemento, o capital acumulado na sua conta individual é integralmente transmissível aos herdeiros legais. Após a aquisição do direito ao complemento, há transmissão por morte no primeiros 36 meses de pagamento do complemento: 100% - nos primeiros 12 meses; 66% - do 13º ao 24º mês; 33% - 25º ao 36º mês. Os herdeiros que por sua vez seja, também aderentes do regime público de capitalização podem adicionar à sua conta individual o capital que lhes foi transmitido.
Pelo exposto, afere-se que este produto poderá ser uma alternativa a ter em conta, quer pelas suas características, quer pelos benefícios associados para efeitos de maximização da poupança a efectuar.
Miguel Primaz – 10.04.2008
Artigo publicado na Revista Aspectos ligada à Câmara de Comércio e Indústria Luso-Francesa
Belgium: VAT on the supply of Land
Fuel prices: French proposal on fuel VAT gets EU cold shoulder
On 27 May, Sarkozy said that the EU should consider suspending VAT to help oil consumers. "VAT would no longer be applied at a certain price level," he explained.
Confronted with the uprising of his fishermen and the growing cry of his hauliers and farmers, he said that he was going to "pose the question" to his European partners. But he reiterated that decisions on taxation are made unanimously by member states. French Economy Minister Christine Lagarde, furthermore, acknowledged that obtaining such an agreement would be a difficult exercise. Despite the scepticism of his partners on this matter, Sarkozy said again, on 28 May in Warsaw, that he is "staying the course". "It is a proposal and I want it to be studied before being rejected," Sarkozy told a press conference.
The European Commission quickly reacted by saying that Sarkozy's idea would send a "bad signal" to petrol producing countries. The Austrian Finance Minister, Wilhelm Molterer, said, on 28 May before the press in Vienna, that he thinks "nothing good" of the proposal.
The Portuguese Economy Minister, Manuel Pinho, asked the EU to debate, as a matter of urgency, measures which would "offset the impact of the increase in petroleum prices". In the short and medium term, it is necessary to find "measures which could minimise the negative effect of the increase in petroleum prices," writes the Portuguese minister in a letter sent to his Slovene counterpart, Andrej Vizjak, whose country currently holds the rotating EU Presidency, and to the Vice-President of the European Commission, Gunter Verheugen.
Belgian Finance Minister Didier Reynders was reserved about the French president's idea of capping the VAT levied on petroleum products, judging that this measure would have "colossal costs". "We are ready to look into the question, but with a reduced rate there are colossal costs, in the region of a quarter of a billion euro in Belgium," Reynders told the agency Belga, stressing that the decrease "would perhaps not change the final price". However, he did defend the system adopted by Belgium, where additional VAT income during periods of high fuel prices is compensated through a drop in duty. "The Commission has never criticised us on the subject," he said.
Contrary to VAT, which varies according to the price billed, excise duty is in accordance with the quantity bought (payment of a given sum per litre sold).
quinta-feira, maio 29, 2008
Luxembourg slashes corporate tax rate and abolishes capital duty
In his statement on the economic, social and financial state of Luxembourg [In Luxembourgeois and French], the prime minster Jean–Claude Juncker announced that he will reduce the corporate income tax rate progressively from 29.63% to 25.5%. The first reduction will take effect on January 1 2009 followed by a further reduction in 2010.
The Luxembourg corporate tax rate consists of a nationwide rate of 22% on which a surcharge of 4% is levied and a local business tax rate which varies per community. The rate of 29.63% is the combined rate for Luxembourg City.
The abolition of capital duty as of January 1 2009 follows a previous cut in 2008 from 1% to 0.5% levied on capital contributions to companies and partnerships. The cut was sparked by an EU recommendation which called for member states to eliminate capital duty. The recommendation was amended with no provision to abolish the tax.
"This is a good surprise for Luxembourg as we didn't know if capital duty would be abolished or not. It makes things easier for investors as [capital duty] was one additional cost to consider when structuring investments," said Samantha Nonnenkamp from Atoz, a tax advisory firm in Luxembourg.
"The drop in the corporate income tax rate is also good for investors and puts Luxembourg at around average compared to the rates of its competitors. But to make the country more competitive, more needs to be done," Nonnenkamp said.
"As far as we know the government is working on several tax improvements," said Simon Paul from law firm Loyens & Loeff in Luxembourg. "These cuts improve the country's competitiveness but net wealth tax should be high on the agenda when looking to attract international investors. The government of course can't abolish everything but net wealth tax can be a problem for foreign investors," he said. "I think net wealth tax will be abolished at some point but I don't know when."
Guy Schuller, a spokesperson for the prime minister said: "Industry members probably think more needs to be done to boost Luxembourg's competitiveness further, but with general elections taking place next year, this is something for the next government to consider."(...)
Intervenção do Ministério das Finanças - Alteração do IVA
Tax Bulletin - PLMJ
IVA, a entrada em vigor desta alteração legislativa irá suscitar alguns problemas práticos de aplicação da lei no tempo, os quais, como vem sendo regra nestas situações, deverão vir a ser objecto de instruções administrativas."
terça-feira, maio 27, 2008
EU Tax News - Ernst & Young
The latest issue: EU Tax News May-June 2008.
Workshop - Economia e Fiscalidade do Carbono
Consulte o programa
Inscrição obrigatória com limite de lugares: EUR 100.
Inscrições/Contactem-nos em: ideff@fd.ul.pt, taniagodinho@fd.ul.ptt
Esta iniciativa conta com o apoio do grupo Portucel Soporcel e da KPMG.
A Rebelião Fiscal
segunda-feira, maio 26, 2008
International Tax Planning - Conferência na UCP
Esclarecimento sobre o Regime do Sigilo Bancário
Gabinete do Ministro de Estado e das Finanças
Esclarecimento
Na sequência da notícia que faz a manchete do Diário de Noticias do dia 19-05-2008, com o título «Quebra de Sigilo Bancário Limitada retira poder ao Fisco», o MFAP entende ser de clarificar o seguinte:
Deverá referir-se que o ante-projecto em causa ainda não se encontra finalizado, tendo os trabalhos sido iniciados há cerca de um ano, e visa a harmonização do Código de Processo Tributário com o Código de Processo Administrativo, no âmbito do movimento de simplificação administrativa.
Apesar dos trabalhos ainda não se encontrarem concluídos, nem de nunca ter sido colocados à consideração de qualquer elemento político, deverá dizer-se peremptoriamente o seguinte:
Primeiro, nunca o regime a aprovar contemplará qualquer alteração ao regime do sigilo bancário. Tal como foi referido pelo SEAF [Secretário de Estado dos Assuntos Ficais] no Parlamento, o regime actual é equilibrado não havendo qualquer razão para a sua modificação. Salienta-se, no entanto, que as alterações enunciadas na referida notícia, por exemplo, o direito de recurso, já existem actualmente, estranhando-se, portanto, a sua enunciação.
Segundo, quanto aos prazos para decisão, relembre-se que tal eventual modificação se inserirá num movimento amplo de alteração do enquadramento orgânico dos Tribunais Tributários visando a redução dos prazos de decisão dos mesmos. No dia 1 de Setembro, entrarão em funcionamento mais 30 juízos tributários, a que se acrescentarão mais 7 juízos liquidatários. Nesse âmbito, de reforma ampla, e de acordo com um programa estabelecido, prevê-se a redução significativa das pendências judiciais, sendo que nunca os antigos processos prescreverão, já que, como é sabido, a legislação a esse respeito o impede, ainda mais quando os mesmos serão alvo de um processo de apreciação nos citados juízos liquidatários.
Quanto à arbitragem, os seus moldes continuam a ser estudados, admitindo-se a mesma em princípio tal como foi referido também no Parlamento, mas como instância judicial própria, com possibilidade de recurso para os tribunais comuns e para matérias não indisponíveis. Nunca se situarão, como é óbvio e de bom senso, nas sedes de organizações empresariais.
Por último, estranha-se ainda o facto de se enunciar uma fonte oficial do MFAP, quando não foi sequer colocada qualquer questão a este respeito. (...)
Organismo de Investimento Colectivo - Tributação de Dividendos
sábado, maio 24, 2008
Sociedade Estrangeira - Personalidade Tributária
sexta-feira, maio 23, 2008
U.S. - Latin American Tax Planning Strategies Conference
This conference is designed for a wide range of practitioners, professionals, and in-house international tax personnel. It will address the key tax issues for U.S. and Latin American companies doing business in Latin America.The format will offer both a review of the basic issues and an in-depth discussion of the latest developments. Case studies will be used to underscore the effect of treaties, court decisions and domestic laws in several jurisdictions to provide an insight into local planning opportunities that Latin American and U.S. tax professionalswill find particularly useful. Panels will feature leading practitioners and government representatives offering the latest perspectives from the United States and Latin America on such topics as Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions, Financing, and Transfer Pricing.(...)
Helping low-income customers affected by the changes to the personal tax system announced at Budget 2007
"Earlier today, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Alistair Darling, announced changes to the personal tax system to help low-income customers affected by the abolition of the 10% starting rate of income tax.(...)
The Chancellor announced that the personal allowance for the 2008-09 tax year will be increased by £600 from £5,435 to £6,035, and the threshold at which someone starts to pay higher rate tax will be reduced by £600.
The point at which customers start to pay higher rate income tax is sometimes called the “higher rate threshold”. It is the total of the personal allowance and the basic rate limit. To reduce the higher rate threshold as announced by the Chancellor, the basic rate limit will be reduced by £1,200 from £36,000 to £34,800. Higher rate taxpayers will see no difference in the amount of tax they pay."
Mais Valias Imobiliárias - Relevância da Prop.Horizontal
1 - A constituição do regime de propriedade horizontal sobre um prédio não determina modificação na titularidade do direito de propriedade, pelo que se este se constituíu antes da entrada em vigor do Código do IRS, a alienação onerosa de qualquer fracção não está sujeita a tributação no âmbito da Categoria G.
quinta-feira, maio 22, 2008
World Tax Advisor - Deloitte
China- SAT suspends VAT refunds for exporters engaging in tax evasion
Korea- Changes proposed to permanent residence rules
South Africa- New reportable arrangements rules in effect
Thailand- Various tax rate reductions in effect
United States- Interim guidance issued for U.S.-Germany mandatory arbitration
Global Tax Alerts- European Union: AG Opines Belgian DRD Incompatible with EC Parent-Subsidiary Directive
Oposição à Execução Fiscal - Prescrição
quarta-feira, maio 21, 2008
France: French Tax Administration conduct not compatible with the European Convention of Human Rights
The provision at stake, article L 16 B of the "Livre des procédures fiscales" was enacted in 1984. It allows the FTA to inspect any professional location when a taxpayer is suspected not to be compliant with its tax obligations. The non compliance concept encompasses a broad scope of situations.
When a visit is made by the FTA according to this provision, it looks like a criminal investigation, with many officials arriving early in the morning, seizing documents, invoices and any paper linked to the business. Until 1984, the FTA operated with the support of a provision which was written at the end of World War II, in order to control the prices of goods. Using such an outdated provision for tax purposes was finally considered as a diversion of the law. For this reason a new law was enacted.
When preparing the new law, the FTA had to create a tool enabling them to have the means of a criminal investigation without loosing the control of the proceedings to a judge. So it was decided that a judge must approve an FTA visit before it takes place. To get the judge's permission, the FTA has to prove it has sufficient evidence to suspect fraud.
If the judge permitting the visit is not familiar with tax issues then the elements used by the FTA may sometimes be questionable; for example, they can include unreliable statements by a competitor or an employee who has been dismissed. In order to balance the lack of quality of such kind of information, the FTA tries to give the judge a significant number of documents. As a consequence, the judge has a few hours to examine hundreds or thousands of pages of paper before making his decision.
When the FTA receives evidence of fraud, it can do without making a visit. The visit is only necessary when there is suspicion, not evidence. In this context, the part of the judge is to guarantee that the facts on which the suspicion lies are valid.
It is precisely because of the judge's role that the ECHR was able to apply article 6 of the European Convention which aims to guarantee a right to a fair trial. This provision is not applicable to tax matters but, because of judge's role, given by article L 16 B, the ECHR decided that article 6 of the convention was applicable.(...)
Portugal tem custos fiscais “incompreensíveis”
Conferência AFP - Competitividade vs Eficiência vs Credibilidade
“COMPETITIVIDADE VS EFICIÊNCIA VS CREDIBILIDADE
NO CAMINHO PARA UMA RELAÇÃO TRIBUTÁRIA DE CONFIANÇA”
(Algumas Notas)
DATA: 29 de Maio de 2008
HORA: 18 Horas
LOCAL: Salão Nobre da Associação Comercial de Lisboa – Rua das Portas de Santo Antão, nº 89
ASOCIAÇÃO FISCAL PORTUGUESA
sábado, maio 17, 2008
European Commission publishes working document (SEC/2008/559) on Savings Taxation
UK: Taxation of companies' foreign profits
Broadly a company is a CFC if it is resident outside the UK in a territory subject to a lower level of tax than the UK and is controlled by a person resident in the UK. If this is the case then Revenue and Customs may assess the UK resident company for tax on those income profits of the CFC which can be apportioned to that UK company, provided the profits which can be apportioned are at least 25% of the CFC's total profits. This prevents UK companies from diverting profits to subsidiaries set up in tax havens. There are a number of exemptions to this rule for example if the CFC pursues an acceptable distribution policy or is engaged in exempt activities.
The trigger for the application of the CC rules will be reduced to 10% (the CFC rules currently apply a 25% test) such that if 10% or more of the profits of a CC can be apportioned to a UK resident company then that UK company has to pay a sum equal to corporation tax at the appropriate rate on those apportioned profits.
The CC rules will target passive (investment) income primarily (such as dividends, interest and royalties), but also active income which is in substance passive (for example income derived from intangible assets). Unlike the current CFC rules, it is proposed that capital gains will also be caught (for example where passive income has been converted into a capital asset).
Na Rota para a Índia
sexta-feira, maio 16, 2008
Planeamento Fiscal
No seu âmbito de aplicação, prevê-se que fiquem abrangidas as vantagens fiscais, respeitantes aos vários tributos existentes, entre eles IRS, IRC, IVA, IMI, IMT e Imposto de Selo.
- impliquem a participação de entidade residente num paraíso fiscal (constantes da lista fixada pelo Governo português, na portaria 150/2004, de 13 de Fevereiro), ou noutro estado em que não seja tributada em imposto sobre o rendimento idêntico ou análogo ao IRS ou ao IRC ou ainda quando o imposto efectivamente pago seja igual ou inferior a 60% do imposto que seria devido se a referida entidade fosse considerada residente em território português;
- impliquem a participação de entidade total ou parcialmente isenta;
- envolvam operações financeiras ou sobre seguros que sejam susceptíveis de determinar a requalificação do rendimento ou a alteração do beneficiário, designadamente locação financeira, instrumentos financeiros híbridos, derivados ou contratos sobre instrumentos financeiros;
- impliquem a utilização de prejuízos fiscais;
- sejam propostos com cláusula de exclusão ou de limitação da responsabilidade em benefício do respectivo promotor.
- indicação da base legal relativamente à qual se afere, se repercute ou respeita a vantagem fiscal pretendida;
- nome ou denominação, endereço e número de identificação fiscal do promotor.
Esta declaração deve ser submetida por via electrónica, sendo seguidamente gerado um recibo que é enviado por e-mail para o apresentante da declaração. O modelo contém os seguintes campos de preenchimento:
- identificação do promotor ou utilizador, mediante indicação do nome/designação social, número de identificação fiscal e e-mail;
- qualidade em que intervém, em concreto se é promotor (advogado, TOC, ROC, instituição financeira, consultor ou quem seja responsável pelo planeamento da operação ou esquema) ou utilizador, quando a operação ou esquema é da sua autoria;
- tipo de intervenção, em concreto se o promotor é responsável pela concepção ou pela implementação do esquema ou actuação;
- tipo de esquema planeado, em concreto se diz respeito à participação de off-shores, de entidades total ou parcialmente isentas, ou que envolvam operações financeiras ou sobre seguros, prejuízos fiscais, ou quaisquer outros propostos com exclusão ou limitação de responsabilidade.
A mesma comunicação deverá ser apresentada pelos utilizadores de um esquema ou actuação que seja da sua própria autoria, ou sem em que não tenha havido a intervenção de um promotor ou quando este seja residente fora do território nacional. Neste caso, a Direcção-Geral dos Impostos terá conhecimento da identidade da entidade que utiliza o esquema ou actuação.
Recebidas e analisadas as comunicações, o Director-Geral dos Impostos deverá estudar e
propor medidas para minimizar a eficácia fiscal dos esquemas e actuações conhecidos, bem como estabelecer critérios de inspecção tributária que abranjam entidades que eventualmente possam por em prática tais operações.
De igual modo, deverá divulgar na internet os esquemas e actuações que em seu entender sejam abusivos e, consequentemente passíveis de requalificação, de correcções ou determinar a instauração de procedimento legalmente previsto de aplicação de disposições anti-abuso.
O incumprimento destas obrigações, mesmo que por negligência, é punível com as
seguintes coimas:
- entre 5.000 e 100 000 euros, para as pessoas colectivas, ou entre 1.000 e 50.000 euros para as pessoas singulares, para a falta de comunicação ou realização fora de prazo;
- entre 1.000 e 50 000 euros, para as pessoas colectivas, ou entre 500 e 25.000 euros para as pessoas singulares, para a falta de prestação de esclarecimentos ou prestação fora de prazo;
- entre 500 e 80 000 euros, para as pessoas colectivas, ou entre 250 e 40.000 euros para as pessoas singulares, para a falta de prestação de comunicação ou realização fora de prazo pelos próprios utilizadores, e ainda a prestação de informações com omissões ou inexactidões.
Até 15 de Maio de 2011, o Governo deverá rever o presente regime, tendo em conta os dados então disponíveis sobre a sua aplicação prática.
Conferência: Choque Fiscal
Na Universidade Autónoma, conferência sobre o "Choque Fiscal", agendada para o próximo dia 26 de Maio, às 18 Horas.
Moderador:
Prof. Doutor Jorge Landeiro de Vaz
Oradores:
Prof. Doutor José Luís Saldanha Sanches
Prof. Doutor Mário Patinha Antão
Prof. Dr. Rogério Manuel Fernandes Ferreira
Informações:
Entrada Livre
quinta-feira, maio 15, 2008
Planeamento Fiscal
quarta-feira, maio 14, 2008
Portugal to Go Before ECJ Over Descriminatory Taxation
The European Commission on March 6 filed a case in the European Court of Justice (C-105/08) against Portugal, citing its discriminatory provisions on the taxation of outbound interest payments.
After notifying Portugal of the discrimination in December 2005 and in July 2006 finding its response unsatisfactory, the commission has now decided to take to the ECJ its infringement procedure against the Portuguese state. (For the case filing, see Doc 2008-9291 or 2008 WTD 82-10.) (...)
Artigo publicado na TAX NOTES INTERNATIONAL, pelos colegas Francisco de Sousa da Câmara e José Almeida Fernandes, da MLGTS
IRC – Liquidação de Derrama nos Regimes Especiais de Tributação
Study of ECJ case law of direct taxation published
The study is divided into four chapters. The first chapter contains preliminary remarks as to the legal context in which the ECJ decides on its cases, the basic elements of the income tax systems of the Member States, the EC Treaty provisions and secondary legislation relevant for direct taxation, and the methods of reasoning used by the ECJ. The second chapter contains the analysis of the ECJ case law in the area of direct taxation, divided for didactical into three main categories: (i) taxation of individuals, (ii) taxation of companies, and (iii) taxation of company shareholders, with emphasis on the latter two. This chapter also includes, for each type of case, an attempt to describe the major trends in the implementation of the ECJ case law by Member States, with particular focus on Member States whose legislation has been directly assessed by ECJ’s decisions as to their compatibility with EC law. The third chapter draws up provisional conclusions on the manner in which the development of the ECJ case law influences the direct tax systems of the Member States. In a fourth chapter, the limits of the so-called “negative integration” through the ECJ case law are discussed and suggestions are also made as to room for further European action, notably the adoption of EC legislative acts in direct tax matters. (...)
terça-feira, maio 13, 2008
CFE Opinion Statement on the OECD International VAT/GST Guidelines
European Holding Companies
United Kingdom (UK) multinational groups have held subgroups under a sub-holding company located in a tax efficient jurisdiction, such as the Netherlands, which provided exemption from corporate tax on capital gains on the disposal of underlying subsidiaries and exemption from domestic taxation on the receipt of dividends from those subsidiaries. (...)
